骨和内分泌的经典之作！ \r\n\r\nAdvances made during the last 35 years have improved our understanding of the mechanisms of steroid hormone action on bone and how physiologic, pathologic, or iatrogenic changes in hormone levels can lead to increased fracture risk. Estrogens, androgens, and glucocorticoids alter the cellular composition of bone by regulating the supply and lifespan of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Additionally, they influence the survival of osteocytes, long-lived cells that are entombed within the mineralized matrix and mediate the homeostatic adaptation of bone to mechanical forces. Altered redox balance is a proximal underlying mechanism of some of these effects, and sex steroid deficiency or glucocorticoid excess contributes to the aging of the skeleton.

Brachytherapy (BT) plays a crucial role in the management of invasive cervix cancer from stage I to IV.\r\nIntracavitary techniques are based on afterloading devices, with different types of applicators. CT and/or MRI compatible applicators allow a\r\nsectional image based approach with a better assessment of gross tumour volume (GTV) and definition and delineation of target volume (CTV) compared to traditional approaches. Accurate and reproducible delineation of GTV, CTV and PTV, as well as of critical organs has a direct impact on BT treatment planning, especially if it is possible to adapt the pear-shape isodose by optimisation using DVH analysis. When introducing a 3D image based approach for GTV and CTV assessment, there is a need for a common language to describe the concepts and to define the terms which are to be used.

After decades of focusing almost exclusively on treating HIV, public health experts are now considering a new approach, moving to establish more effective prevention strategies to curb spread of the disease. Recent tests show that anti-HIV drugs that can hamper the growth of the virus responsible for AIDS may also prevent progression of the disease if given to infected individuals soon after their exposure to HIV. The same drugs can also prevent infections from taking hold among healthy people who are exposed to the virus; both approaches would be critical ways of controlling spread of the virus and keeping new cases of HIV to a minimum.\r\n\r\nRead more: http://healthland.time.com/2012/11/21/recommendations-for-routine-hiv-testing-represent-advances-in-preventing-hiv/#ixzz2CripWt9p

来源：丁香学术2012 年，哥伦比亚大学教授 Brent R. Stockwell 首次发现并提出了铁死亡（ferroptosis）的现象及概念。铁死亡是指一种铁依赖性的新型细胞程序性死亡方式，在二价铁或酯氧合酶的作用下，催化细胞膜上高表达的不饱和磷脂发生脂质过氧化，从而诱导细胞死亡。自 2012 年提出以来，铁死亡

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这段时间在国内，主要目的是拜访国际大药厂在中国的研发中心，向他们推荐R10K项目。因为R10K这个项目的主要目的就是通过高通量测序免疫组库来找到疾病的特异性诊断指标和能用来指导治疗的生物标记物(biomarkers).在国内碰到了很多成功的海归。所谓成功，无非就是手头掌握着大笔经费，管着许多人。总结

ECOG 3-4分肝癌的综合治疗模式-27Brivanib治疗HCC III期临床研究-34EACH研究ITT分析结果-43GIDEON研究第二次中期分析结果-36HCC的分子靶向治疗

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ECOG调控多种信号通路-43ECOG调控异常甲基化-44EGCG与肿瘤-41EGCG与肿瘤-42Gln通过c-myc及p53信号通路抗氧化应激-53n-3

谢谢-50胺碘酮用于节律控制-272010 ESC指南的重要更新-3胺碘酮用于特殊人群-44胺碘酮用于室率控制-39房颤处理流程-8根据基础病理情况选择抗心律失常药-38室率控制的目标-43新发房颤（48h）的处理流程-302010 ESC指南重要更新-5对房颤患者的治疗目标-7可达龙片剂指南

BIM与原发性耐药相关-52013中国肺癌高峰论坛共识解读-12013版NCCN英文版对EGFR耐药后的解读-43BIM与原发性耐药相关-6CMET扩增与耐药相关-10

;-肾上腺素能受体拮抗剂-43β-肾上腺素能受体拮抗剂-44病理生理-6

病例四-41病例十一-58病例四-42病例五-43病例一-33

空洞与空腔-43胸膜壁层及脏层返折-31心室层面层-11纵隔气肿-62

AD 74岁 SPECT-43AD MRI-16ADvs VaD-56AD病理-2AD-8AD病理-3AD患者MR影像学-10AD患者

Lennox-Gastaut综合征-37Lennox-Gastaut综合征-383Hz棘慢波-21爆发-抑制-43病理性脑波-14LGS发作间期EEG-39

存在的问题：肺不张发生率低-34肺癌介入治疗的分类-43定义-7姑息性介入治疗-44

Lance－Adams 综合征 （概述）-29Lance－Adams 综合征 （概述）-30PME-20RSE的概念-42RSE药物治疗-43RSE药物治疗-45

Claude综合征-4Benedict综合征-7Benedict综合征-8Claude综合征-5Claude综合征-6Jackson综合征-43Jackson