For science — as for politics and economics — 2011 was a year of upheaval, the effects of which will reverberate for decades. The United States lost three venerable symbols of its scientific might: the space-shuttle programme, the Tevatron particle collider and blockbuster profits from the world's best-selling drug all came to an end. But the year also saw stirrings of science's future: hopes that research might blossom following the Arab Spring; cheap vaccines rolling out in Africa; and the first fruits of genome sequencing being used in the clinic. All this was overshadowed by the triple trauma of Japan's devastating earthquake, tsunami and nuclear meltdown, and a continual chipping away at science funding as nations struggled with the financial crisis.

急性右上腹疼痛（RUQ）是门诊和急诊的常见症状。2012 年，美国 RUQ 患者就诊量超过 100 万。引起 RUQ 病因众多（表 1），其中主要见于肝胆疾病。超声是诊断胆囊结石和胆囊炎的首选检查，可准确鉴别引起 RUQ 的病因，如肾绞痛、胆绞痛、胰腺炎、肾上腺出血、肝脓肿等，从而可指导进一步治疗。因此，了解超声

9 月 10 日，2020 大健康产业高质量发展大会暨第五届中国医药研发·创新峰会（PDI）在重庆启幕，大会隆重发布了《2020 中国药品研发实力排行榜》系列 6 大榜单，在最受瞩目的《2020 中国药品研发综合实力排行榜 TOP100》（以下简称《总榜》）中，复星医药名次较去年攀升 2 位

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